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SEA BATTLE Instructions Version 2.54 Copyright 1991 by B. Hugo 2535 5th Street Columbia City, OR 97229 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SHAREWARE CONCEPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 To purchase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Scenario Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 PLAYING SEA BATTLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Turn sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Advanced Features and Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 SCENARIO CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Information Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Installing the Scenario Editor: . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Suggestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 SCENARIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Page i SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION: Sea Battle is a one or two player simulation of World War II era naval combat. Each ship is controlled individually, and each turn the player who 'commands' it must decide which guns will fire and at what targets, what maneuvers will be made, and when to fire torpedoes. Turns represent one minute of combat, distances are measured in nautical miles ( 1 nm = 2000 yds ), speeds are in knots ( 1 kt = 1 nm / hour ), and bearings and courses are in compass degrees ( 0 deg = North, 90 deg = East, 45 deg = Northeast etc.) Ships used in the game include Battleships (BB), Heavy Cruisers (CA), Light Cruisers (CL), Destroyers (DD), and Destroyer Escorts (DE). Sea Battle consists of many different games or 'scenarios' stored as files on the disk along with the Sea Battle program. Each scenario file contains the position, course, speed, and other data for each ship that participated in the historical or hypothetical battle. This allows addition of new scenarios without altering the Sea Battle program itself. You can purchase new scenarios or created your own with the scenario editor if you have the required historical data. You can even design your own ships and battles. Page 1 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS SHAREWARE CONCEPT SHAREWARE CONCEPT Sea Battle is a "Shareware" product. This means you may copy the game, scenarios, and instructions and share them with others. Because I don't have to pay for advertising, packaging, or printing manuals I can offer Sea Battle for a fraction of what equivalent commercial games cost. You are able to try out the game and make sure it works on your computer before buying. If you decide to keep Sea Battle after trying it you are obligated to purchase it. If you decide not to buy Sea Battle, you should give away or destroy all of your copies. To purchase Sea Battle send $20 to: Bruce R. Hugo 2535 5th Street Columbia City, OR 97018 Please specify disk type: 5-1/4" 360K, 5-1/4" 1.2M, or 3 1/2". You will receive the latest version of the game, the scenario editor and scenarios 1 through 21. There are also three additional Scenario Sets available for 5$ each and a Ship Database for $10: Set 3 - 12 battles Including Empress Augusta Bay, Cape St. George, Kula Gulf, Kolombangara, Vella Gulf, Horianu, Vella Lavella. U.S. - Japanese engagements in the Pacific. Set 4 - 12 battles Including Punta Stilo, Cape Spada, Cape Teulada, Matapan, Kerkenah, Gavdos. British - Italian engagements in the Med 1940-1941. Set 5 - 12 battles Including Sirte, Pantelleria, Cape Bon, Malta. Mostly British - Italian engagements in the Med 1941-1942. Ship Database A library of over 800 ships for use with the scenario editor. Page 2 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS INSTALLATION INSTALLATION Required Diskettes: Depending on where you obtained this copy of Sea Battle you could have different parts of the complete game. If you got Sea Battle from a Shareware Distributor (Reasonable Solutions, Micro Star, etc) then you have just the game, instructions, and first ten scenarios. If you got Sea Battle from a friend you should have the game, scenario editor, instructions, and scenarios 1 through 21. If you have registered (purchased) Sea Battle then you have the latest version of the game, instructions, scenario editor, scenarios 1 through 21, and any additional scenario sets you ordered. Hard Disk Installation: To install Sea Battle on a hard drive, you should copy all of the files on the game (or only) disk into a separate subdirectory (ie. \SEABATTL). The instructions (SEABATTL.DOC) do not have to be in this subdirectory. Floppy Installation: Sea Battle can be used on a computer with a single floppy drive. After booting your computer, place the game disk in the floppy drive and follow the instructions for playing Sea Battle. Page 3 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE PLAYING SEA BATTLE To Start: 1. Ensure SEABATTL.EXE and the scenario files are on the active disk drive or directory. 2. From DOS type: SEABATTL NOTE If you are using a Hercules Graphics display you must first load MSHERC.COM by typing MSHERC at the DOS prompt. 3. When the program has loaded you will be prompted with: Enter Scenario: Type in the name of the scenario you wish to play. The scenario names and descriptions are at the end of these instructions. Ex: type 'BISMARK' and press the RETURN or ENTER key (referred to as 'RETURN' for the rest of the manual for consistency.) If the name you enter does not match a scenario on disk a list of all available scenarios will be displayed with the first scenario highlighted. Use the cursor keys to highlight the scenario you want to play and press RETURN. NOTE To change graphics types, press RETURN instead of entering a scenario name. You can then choose from CGA, EGA, VGA, or Hercules graphics display. 4. The program now prompts you with: Enter Visibility: Enter the distance (in nautical miles) at which ships will sight each other. This number is typically Page 4 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE between 20 and 25 during conditions of ideal visibility during the day, and much lower for scenarios that take place at night or in fog. The scenario description will recommend a visibility to use, although you may enter a different value to see what effect it would have had on the battle. <EXAMPLE> type: 24 (RETURN). 5. The next prompt asks you if you want the computer to play one side. If you do, type: 1 (RETURN). If you are playing another person, type: 2 (RETURN). NOTE If you select the two player game, the program will ask you to enter the name of each side. You can use the nationality of the ships, each player's name, or any label you desire. The name you enter is used to help you identify which side each ship is on. If you select the one player game, you will get to choose which side you want to play. 6. The program now lists ships that have been sighted. This happens at the beginning of each turn since the distance between opposing ships will change as the ships move. Turn sequence: 1. The ships in the scenario are maneuvered in the order that they were loaded from the scenario file. If computer is the first to move and has a ship within gunnery range of your fleet, the turn may begin with messages informing you that one or more of your ships are being fired on. 2. When it is your turn to move, the program will print a status display of the ship you are controlling first. This display gives the following information: - Ship name - Current course and speed - Ordered course and speed (if different from current) - Maximum speed and turn rate - Minutes of game time elapsed - Percent structural damage the ship has sustained (when this value reaches or exceeds 100%, the ship is crippled and may eventually sink) Page 5 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE - Reserve buoyancy (Flotation) remaining (the ship will sink if this drops to zero or less) - A list of operating gun and torpedo mounts and ammunition left - A map of the area around the ship. Ships are represented by the first letter of their name along with a vector pointing in the direction the ship is going. Torpedo spreads are displayed as small circles with vectors. Contacts held only on radar are displayed as small 'blips' without labels or vectors. Land is displayed in green if the scenario has any. NOTE In the two player mode, friendly torpedo symbols are not displayed unless the "U" command (described below) is used first. This minimizes the chance of the opposing player seeing torpedoes that his ships have not yet sighted. From here you have a number of commands available. To use any of the following commands, press the key indicated in the description below. You do not need to press RETURN after using one of these commands. S Displays the status report described above T Lists the bearing and range to all sighted enemy ships. B Lists the bearing and range to all friendly ships. N Changes map scale. You will be prompted to enter a range (in miles) and press RETURN. The map will display all ships within the distance entered. + Increases the map scale by 40%. - Decreases the map scale by 40%. M Displays a full screen color map if you selected 'CGA' graphics. H Orders the Helm to change course. You will be prompted with: 'Enter ordered course:' Type in the compass heading you wish the ship to steer then press RETURN. The ship will turn to the new Page 6 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE course at the current maximum turn rate. The turn rate increases as speed increases. E Orders a new speed. After 'Enter ordered speed:' Type in the speed you want the ship to go and press RETURN. The ship's speed will increase or decrease each turn until the ordered speed is met. If a speed faster than the ship's maximum is ordered, the ship will come to its maximum speed. UP arrow (or the 8 on the numeric keypad) Fires the forward set of turrets. If there are operating turrets and ammunition, the program will respond with: 'Enter target: '. Type in the name of the desired target. You only need to enter enough letters to keep the program from confusing the intended target with another enemy ship. If both the REPULSE and REVENGE were part of the enemy fleet and you wanted to fire at the REPULSE, you would need to type in at least 'REP'. NOTE To fire at a target, it must be a floating enemy ship that is sighted visually by at least one friendly ship. It must be within the range and arc of fire of the forward turrets. Each round fired will either miss (displayed as MISS) or hit. Hits will either explode against the ship's armor, or penetrate and possibly damage a critical ship system. All hits will contribute to the total damage sustained, with lighter shells doing less damage than heavier ones, and penetrating hits doing much more than non-penetrating hits. The effect of the hit is displayed as: <EXAMPLES> HIT! Shell explodes against deck HIT! Shell penetrates armor belt and explodes in engine room The chance of a shell hitting depends on the speed and size of the target ship, range, and accuracy of the firing ship. The chance of penetrating varies with range, thickness of the target ship's armor and the size of the shell. As opposing ships get closer, the number of hits will Page 7 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE increase, and the number of hits that penetrate will increase. Large shells striking ships with little or no armor may pass through the ship without exploding. These hits still do damage, although not as much as if the shell had exploded. DOWN, LEFT, and RIGHT arrows (2, 4, 6 on the numeric keypad) Fire the aft, port, and starboard turrets respectively. * Fires Torpedoes. You will be asked for the target ship's name. Use enough letters to avoid confusion with other targets. If the torpedoes have more than one speed setting, you will be asked to specify High, Medium, or Low speed. The program will compute an intercept course for the torpedoes. If the target is faster than the torpedoes and is moving away, no torpedo course will be displayed for that speed option. If a valid torpedo course can be computed, it will be displayed along with the time to impact and the maximum time the torpedoes will run. If the time to impact is greater than the maximum torpedo run you can still fire, but the torpedoes will miss unless the target turns toward them. If the target ship is not within visual range, the fire control system cannot compute an intercept course. You will be given the option to supply a torpedo course if you want to fire anyway. After 'Enter number of torpedoes to fire:', type the number of torpedoes you wish to fire at the target and press RETURN (Enter 0 to not fire.) If you do not want to use the generated intercept course, enter 'OVER' (for override) instead of the number of torpedoes to fire. You will be prompted to enter the torpedo course. If you fire more than one torpedo at a target, the program will display: 'Enter spread angle: '. Spread angle is the angular separation between each torpedo fired. If 6 torpedoes were fired Page 8 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE with a spread angle of 1 degree the "spread" would travel outward in an arc 5 degrees wide. A large spread angle will increase the size of the spread and make it more difficult for the target ship to evade the torpedoes. It will also decrease the number of hits, since the torpedoes will be farther apart at impact. If a zero spread angle is entered, the torpedoes are all fired on the same course and will either all hit or all miss. Torpedoes were usually fired in large spreads to maximize the chance of getting a hit against maneuvering targets. A recommended spread angle will be displayed that will result in exactly one hit if the target does not maneuver. To use this recommended value, you can press RETURN instead of entering a value. Q Saves the current game in progress and allows you to exit to DOS. After 'Enter Save File:' type in a name for the saved game. Do not use the name of an existing scenario or you will erase it. If you do not want to save the game, press RETURN instead of entering a file name. After saving the game the program will ask you if you want to continue playing. Enter 'YES" to resume the game. If you do not resume the game, you will be able to either exit to DOS or play again. To resume a saved game, run Sea Battle and after 'Enter Scenario:', type in the name you used to save it. X Switches sides with the computer. This command has no effect if used during a two player game. 0 Continues play with the next ship in the scenario. 3. After the action directed by the selected command is complete, the program returns to the 'Enter Command' prompt. You can select another command or press 0 to continue the game with the next ship. Game time does not pass, and certain orders (course and speed changes) do not take effect until the end of the turn after orders have been given for all ships. Page 9 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE 4. If the next ship is friendly the current player continues by entering commands for the new ship. If the next ship is an enemy ship, then the other player chooses which commands he will use. If the computer is the enemy player it will control the ship and you will be informed of any guns being fired at you by the message: 'Shell splashes rising near XXX' indicating that ship XXX is being fired at (but has not yet been hit) or 'XXX HIT!' followed by the effects of the hit. 5. After the last ship in the scenario has been maneuvered, the program checks for torpedo sightings or hits, then begins the next turn, starting with a list of all sighted ships. 6. The game continues until further combat is impossible. This can occur when all ships on one side are sunk or out of visual range, or when all ships have exhausted their ammunition and torpedoes. At this point the players evaluate their performance based on the scenario objectives. Advanced Features and Commands: Several commands are available that are not necessary for play. You should try them after becoming familiar with the basic commands. I Prevents the computer from firing or maneuvering for a given amount of time. You will be asked for the minimum and maximum number of minutes that you want the computer to not maneuver or attack. The computer will select a random amount of time between these two values. Ships will still maneuver to avoid torpedoes and land. This is useful for simulating surprise when the computer is your opponent. It has no effect in the two player game. U Status displays of all torpedo spreads fired by friendly ships: - Target ship - Number of torpedoes - Torpedo size - Spread angle - Torpedo course - Torpedo speed Page 10 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE - Bearing from target to torpedoes - Distance between target and torpedoes - Current CPA (closest point of approach: the distance (in feet) that the center of the torpedo spread will miss the target by if the target does not maneuver) - Time left until the torpedoes hit (or pass the target) - Turn number when torpedoes will run out of fuel In the two player mode, this command will also display all friendly torpedo symbols on the next map. W Status displays of all torpedo spreads fired by enemy ships. For maximum realism you should not use this command, since the information would not really be available. 5 Lists the current course, speed, damage, and flotation of all ships. For maximum realism, you should not use this command. A Displays all of the parameters for a particular ship. See the scenario creation section of these instructions for a description of each parameter. G Assigns a target to a set of turrets. You will be propmted to press the arrow key for the turrets to assign and to specify a target. Pressing ENTER instead of specifying a target clears the assignment for the turrets. Turrets assigned to a target are marked with a "*" on status display and will fire automatically at the end of the turn. The Target List shows which ships have been assigned by dipslaying F, A, P, and/or S next to the ship name (F = Forward Turrets, A = Aft, etc.). F Fires all turrets assigned to targets with the "G" command immediatly (instead of at the end of the turn). Land: Five of the battles included with the first 20 scenarios occurred in or near 'Ironbottom Sound' the body of water Page 11 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE between Guadalcanal, Savo Island, and Florida Island. Scenarios in sets 3, 4 and 5 include other land features. Ships that come too close to land may run aground on the surrounding shoal water (which is not displayed on the map). When this is about to occur, the message 'Yellow Sounding' or 'Red Sounding' will be shown on the ship's status display. A yellow sounding occurs when the ship is dangerously close to shallow water, a red sounding means that the ship will probably run aground next turn unless turned away from land. Ships that run aground take damage and are easier to hit since they cannot maneuver. A grounded ship which accumulates 100% damage is wrecked and cannot fire its weapons. Page 12 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE SCENARIO CONSTRUCTION General: The registered version of Sea Battle includes a scenario building feature. To create a new scenario type 'NEWSCEN' at the DOS prompt. (The file NEWSCEN.EXE must be in the default directory.) You should sketch the starting positions of the ships on graph paper so that you can enter the x and y coordinates of each ship during the construction process. You will be able to easily modify the position of the ships later if you need to. Information Sources: If any of the ships in your scenario do not exist in one of the scenarios included with Sea Battle, you have several ways to get the needed ship data: 1. If another ship of the same class exists in one of the scenarios, you can copy that ship into your scenario and rename it. (Ex: USS LOUISVILLE has the same characteristics as the USS NORTHAMPTON which is used in the scenario for the Battle of Tassafaronga.) 2. You can reference a book on World War II naval vessels. For most of the ships I used CONWAY'S ALL THE WORLD'S FIGHTING SHIPS 1906-1291 and 1922-1945. 3. If you have purchased the Ship database you can retrieve ship data from it. 4 I have given typical values to use for each ship parameter if you need them. Installing the Scenario Editor: Hard Disk: Copy NEWSCEN.EXE (and SHIPBASE.DBF if you have the ship database) to the same directory where SEABATTL.EXE and the scenario files are stored. Floppy Disk: Place the disk containing NEWSCEN.EXE in drive A and start the scenario editor. When the initial menu is displayed, you can remove this disk and replace it with one containing the scenarios you Page 13 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE want to work on. If you have the database disk it should be in drive B. If you have only one disk drive and want to use the database, you will have to replace the working scenario disk with the database disk before selecting the 'Ship Database' option. Switch back to the scenario disk before using options 'Read File', 'Write File', or 'Add Land'. Scenario Editor Commands: After starting the Scenario Editor a pull-down menu bar is displayed along with the copyright notice. If you have a mouse you can make menu selections by first clicking one of the 9 selection categories (File, Edit, Add, List, Copy, Sides, Move, Land, Database) followed by the sub-category (the sub categories of File for example are Read File, Write File, and Quit.) If you don't have a mouse, pressing the Alt key activates the menu bar. You can highlight the desired category using the left and right cursor keys and pressing RETURN make a selection. Chose the sub- category by highlighting it with the up and down cursor key and pressing RETURN. Command: (Category) Read File: (File) Loads an existing scenario for modification. You may then edit, move, add, or delete any ship. If you have already created (or loaded) ships, the Read File command will add the new ships to the scenario. Any land associated with the file is not added to the scenario (use Add Land to add land features from another scenario.) Write File: (File) Writes the new scenario to disk, including any land features specified by the Add Land command. Only ships designated as Friendly or Enemy are saved. You will be prompted for a scenario name to use. If you use the name of an existing file, the old data will be overwritten. Edit Ship: (Edit) Allows ship parameters to be changed. A display of ship data will be shown with numbers next to each parameter or group of parameters. To change ship data, enter the number Page 14 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE next to the parameter you want to alter and press RETURN. You will be prompted to enter the new value or further specify which item you want to modify: <EXAMPLE 1> To change a ship's name enter 0 (RETURN). You are prompted to enter a new name. <EXAMPLE 2> To change a ship's ammunition supply for the port turrets to 500 rounds, enter 24 (RETURN). You are further prompted to enter 4,500 (RETURN) since all of the port turret data is referenced by item 24. When you are done editing, press (RETURN) instead of specifying a parameter to change. Add Ship: (Add) Allows you to enter all data for a new ship. You will be prompted for the following items (if you do not have a reference book or it does not have all of the required data, use the typical values listed): a. Name: Enter the ship's name b. # of Ships: Enter 1 unless this ship represents a group of small vessels. For scenarios with large numbers of Destroyers, Torpedo Boats, Transports, etc, you can reduce the number of units you must control by representing 2 or more of them by one ship unit. c. Length (ft): Enter the overall length of the ship (usually abbreviated as 'oa' in reference books) or use the following typical values: Destroyer (DD) 350, Light Cruiser (CL) 530-600, Heavy Cruiser (CA) 625, Battleship (BB) 625-875. d. Beam (ft): Beam or 'width' of ship. Typical values: DD 35, CL 45-60, CA 50-70, BB 90-120. e. Belt Armor: Page 15 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE Average thickness of the ship's armor belt. Typical values: DD 0, CL,CA 2.5 - 5.0, BB 8.0 - 16.0. f. Deck armor: Average thickness of the armored deck. Typical values: DD 0, CL,CA 1.0 - 2.5, BB 2.0 - 6.0. g. Flotation: An abstract combination of displacement, compartmen- tation, and watertight integrity. Typical values: DD 1.0, CL (5,000 tons) 1.5, CL (10,000 tons) 2.5, CA (10,000 tons) 3.0, BB (30,000 tons) 7.0, BB (48,000 tons) 10.0, BB (65,000 tons) 13.0. Adjust these numbers for ships with displacements differing significantly from those given or for those that had better than average underwater protection. The BISMARK (42,000 tons) for example has a flotation of 11 (rather than 9) due to its extensive compartmentation. For multiple ships, enter the total flotation. A ship representing four destroyers should have a Flotation of 4.0 (not 1.0). h. Max Speed: The ship's maximum speed (in knots). Typical values: DD 33 - 39, CL,CA 32 - 36, BB 21 - 30+. i. Max Turn Rate: The number of degrees per minute that the ship can turn at 30 knots. Reference books give tactical diameter at a certain speed; the program can compute turn rate from these values if you press (RETURN) instead of entering a number. Typical values: DD 180, CL 90 - 180, CA 90, BB 72. j. Radar: An abstract combination of fire control accuracy, radar status, and bridge status. Typical values: Fire control radar operational 2.1 - 3.0, No radar 1.0 - 2.0, Poor accuracy 0.0 - 1.0, bridge destroyed -1 - -0.1. The PRINCE OF WALES did not have her main battery calibrated prior to her battle with the BISMARK, so her value of Radar is 0 for that scenario. Page 16 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE k. Enemy ship (0=No, 1=Yes): Enter 0 for friendly (Human or Player A), 1 for enemy (Computer or Player B). Any other value will result in the ship not being included in the scenario when the Write File command is used. l. Damage factor (DF): An abstract combination of overall ship protection, size, and damage control ability. A ship with a small damage factor takes less damage from a hit than one with a large damage factor. Typical values: DD 100 - 160, CL (5,000 tons) 50, CL (10,000 tons) 24 - 40, CA 20 - 40, BB 1 - 2.5. If you know the ship's standard displacement, the program can estimate a value for DF and enter it automatically. Since only ship type and displacement are used in this estimate, it is more accurate to find a similar vessel in one of the included scenarios and use its value of Damage factor. m. Fwd Turrets: Enter the total number of forward firing turrets on the ship (or group of ships: Ex. A ship representing 4 destroyers with 2 forward turrets each should be given 8 forward turrets.) n. Fwd guns/turret: Enter 1 for single mount, 2 for dual mount, etc. If the ship had a strange turret arrangement, choose a combination of turrets and guns/turret which yields the correct total number of guns. The PRINCE OF WALES, which had one forward turret with 4 guns and one with 2 guns should be given two turrets with 3 guns each. o. Fwd SRM: SRM = rate of fire in shells per minute per gun. Typical values: Gun size SRM Gun size SRM Gun size SRM 5" 12-15 8" 4 14" 1.5-2 5.5 6 11 2.5 15 1.5-2 6 5-6 12 3 16+ 1.5-2 p. Fwd Ammo: Page 17 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE Total number of shells in the forward turret magazines of the ship (or group of ships). Typical values are given as number of minutes of continuous firing, i.e. a Battleship with an ammunition supply of 60 min, SRM of 1.5, and 2 triple turrets would have 60 x 1.5 x 2 x 3 = 540 rounds. Typical values DD 15 - 30 minutes, CL 30, CA 30 - 40, BB 60. q. Fwd Caliber: Diameter of the gun in inches. Convert from millimeters by dividing by 25.4. Typical values: DD 4.5 - 5.5", CL 5 - 6", CA 8", BB 11 - 18". r. Fwd Range: Maximum gun range in nautical miles (nm). 1nm = 2000 yds = 1830 meters. Typical values: Gun size Range Gun size Range Gun size Range 5" 7-10 8" 14-16 14" 18-20 5.5 11 11 23 15 18-20 6 12-13 12 18.5 16+ 17-23 s. Fwd Turret Side Armor: Average thickness of the turret side armor in inches. Typical values: DD 0.1 - 0.5, CL 1.0 - 6.5, CA 2.5 - 6.5, BB 12.0 - 26.0. t. Fwd Turret top armor: Average thickness of the turret top armor in inches. Typical values: DD 0 - 0.5, CL 1.0 - 3.0, CA 1.5 - 3.0, BB 6.0 - 7.6. u. Fwd Max Left Bng: The maximum relative bearing (to the left) to which the forward turrets could be trained. Typical value 200. v. Fwd Max right Bng: The maximum relative bearing (to the right) to which the forward turrets could be trained. Typical value 160. w. Fwd Shell Weight: Page 18 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE Weight of an armor piercing (AP) round in pounds. Typical values: Gun size Weight Gun size Weight Gun size Weight 5" 55# 8" 260# 15" 2000# 5.5 85 11 945 16 2240-2700 5.9 100 12 1350 18.1 3220 6 130 14 1500 x. Fwd Barrel Length: Barrel length expressed as a multiple of diameter (caliber). Typical value: 45. y. Aft turrets, guns/turret, SRM, etc: Same data as for forward firing guns except: Aft Max left Bng: Typical value: 020 Aft Max right Bng: Typical value: 340 z. Stbd turrets, guns/turret, SRM, etc: If the ship has a secondary battery (BB, CA, some CL) enter the same data as for forward guns except: i. Stbd Ammo: Typical value: enough for 20-30 minutes of continuous firing. ii. Stbd Caliber: Typical values BB 4.5 - 6.0, CA,CL 4.0 - 5.0. iii. Stbd Turret side armor: Typical values BB 0.0 - 5.5, CA,CL 0.0 - 2.0. iv. Stbd Turret top armor: Typical values BB 0.0 - 2.0, CA,CL 0.0 - 2.0. v. Stbd max left bearing: Typical value 000 - 030. vi. Stbd max right bearing: Typical value 180 - 150. aa. Port Turrets: Data for the port turrets is assumed by the program to be the same as starboard turrets. If the port turrets are different from the starboard ones, you can change the values using Edit Ship. Page 19 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE ab. Torpedo Mounts: The total number of torpedo mounts on the ship (or group of ships). Most Cruisers (except U.S.) and all Destroyers carried torpedoes. Typical values: 1 - 5. ac. Tubes/Mount: The number of torpedo tubes on each torpedo mount. Typical values: 1 - 4 (for a total of 5 - 12 tubes.) ad. Torpedoes Loaded: Total number of torpedoes tube loaded at the beginning of the battle. ae. Reserve Torpedoes: Number of torpedo reloads. Most cruisers and Japanese destroyers carried one reload per tube. af. Diameter: Torpedo diameter in inches. Typical values: 21 (Japanese 24.) ag. Warhead Size: Weight of warhead in pounds. Typical values: 800# except 1000# for Japanese 24" torpedoes. ah. Reload Rate: Rate at which tubes can be reloaded in units of torpedoes per minute per mount. Typical values 0.06 - 0.15. ai. Low Speed: Low (or only) speed setting of torpedo in knots. Typical value: 36. aj. Low Speed Endurance (min): Run time of torpedo at low speed in minutes. Typical values 7 - 11 (Japanese 23.) ak. Medium Speed: Page 20 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE Medium speed setting of torpedo. Some torpedoes did not have a medium setting. al. Medium Speed Endurance (min): Run time of torpedo at medium speed. am. High Speed: High speed setting of torpedo. Typical value: 45 (Japanese 49). an. High Speed Endurance (min): Run time of torpedo at high speed. Typical values 5 - 7 (Japanese 13). ao. X Coord: X coordinate of starting position of ship. ap. Y Coord: Y coordinate of starting position of ship. aq. Course: Ship's starting course. ar. Speed: Ship's starting speed. List Ships: (List) Lists all ships currently loaded, their side (friendly (.), enemy (E), or none ( ), coordinates, course, and speed. Copy Ship: (Copy) Copies all of a ship's parameters except Name, coordinates, course, and speed (you will be prompted to enter them.) You will be asked to specify the old (source) ship number and new ship number to copy to (use Ship List to get these values). If the new ship already exists, it will be overwritten by the copy. This feature is useful when two or more ships in a scenario are of the same class. Page 21 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE Pick Sides: (Sides) Allows selection of each ship as friendly (enter a .), enemy (enter an E) or not used (press RETURN.) Unused ships are not saved to disk by Write File. To change the side of one ship, use Edit Ship. Move Ships: (Move) Allows you to position a selected ship using the eight cursor keys. You will be prompted to enter a scale (same as Map command in the game) and ship name. A map of the area around the selected ship will be shown. Use the cursor keys to move the selected ship north, south, east, west, northeast, etc. using the cursor pad (7/Home is northwest, 9/PgUp is northeast, etc). Pressing RETURN allows you to select another ship to be moved, pressing RETURN after 'Enter ship:' returns you to the main menu. Other commands that can be used from the Move Ship display: N Selects the next ship in the scenario P Selects the previous ship in the scenario C Change course of selected ship S Change speed of selected ship + Increase map scale - Decrease map scale L Land display on/off. With land display turned off, ships can be moved more quickly. G Grid display on/off. Ships can be moved more quickly if the grid display is turned off. (EGA, VGA only) Choose a large scale (10-20) at first to get the ships into the general area, then a smaller one (2-5) to position them in the formation you want. Land (if any has been selected using Select Land) is shown along with circles showing shoal water (where ships will run aground). If you position a ship inside one of the circles it may run aground on the first turn. Change # of Ships: (Edit) Changes the number of ships for a selected ship or ship unit, automatically updating flotation, number of turrets, ammunition, torpedo mounts, etc. This is easier than using Edit Ship to change a group of 4 destroyers into a group of 3 for example. Page 22 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE Add Land: (Land) Adds land to a scenario. Enter the existing scenario file from which you want to use the land. Quit: (File) Returns to DOS. If you do not first use Write File to save the created scenario your work will be lost. Ship Database: (Database) Retrieves ship data from the ship database. You will be prompted to enter the desired country, class and name. You must specify at least one parameter or the program will return to the main menu. The first entry matching the parameters you enter will be listed on the screen: Ex: J,BB,H results in display of the entry: # Ship Country Class Comp/Mod Mod/Sunk 1 Haruna J BB 04-19-15 09-30-34 2 09-30-34 01-01-44 3 01-01-44 07-28-45 (the multiple entries represent significant modifications) From here you can: (N)ext Display next ship in database (In this example the japanese BB Hiei) (A)dd Add displayed ship to your scenario. If there is more than one entry (as in this example) you will be prompted to chose one (based on the date of the battle you are recreating). (R)e- Specify new Country, Class and/or Name search (Q)uit Return to main menu. Page 23 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS PLAYING SEA BATTLE You do not have to supply all of the parameters: ,,PR finds first ship name beginning with PR (PRIMAGUET) ,CL,H finds first CL beginning with H (HELENA) ,, returns to main menu Erase All Ships: (File) Deletes all ships without exiting the editor. Suggestions: To create a scenario 1. Use Read File to load an existing scenario that contains some of the ships (or ships of the same class) that you want to use. If you have the ship database, retrieve all of the ships you need from it and skip to step 8. 2. Remove the unneeded ships by designating them as unused using Pick Sides. Save the partially completed scenario to disk. 3. Use the Erase All Ships command. 4. Load your partially complete scenario using Read File and use Edit Ship to rename any ships whose data was obtained from a similar ship from another scenario. Use Read File to load another scenario that has more of the ships you need. 5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 until there are no more ships that you need in existing scenarios. 6. If more than one ship of the same class is used in your scenario, use Copy Ship to generate the others. Use Change # of ships to setup units representing more than one ship. 7. Use Add Ship to create the remaining ships. 8. Use Select Land if you want land in your scenario. 9. Use Choose Sides if necessary to get all of the ships on the correct side. 10. Use Move Ship to position all of the ships and choose their initial courses and speeds. 11. Save the scenario using Write File. Page 24 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS SCENARIOS SCENARIOS The scenarios (described in SCENARIO.DOC) were chosen from real and possible battles and range from small engagements to large fleet actions. The visibility listed is the actual sighting distance at the time the battle took place, but you can modify it to see how the outcome might have been affected. A short background is given for each scenario, along with scenario objectives that each side attempts to achieve. Rather than use an abstract point system based on ships sunk or damaged, SEA BATTLE allows you to determine results based on the actual objectives of the commanders who fought (or would have fought) the battles. To simplify some scenarios, two or more small ships (destroyers, merchant ships, etc) have been combined into a group which is maneuvered and fought as a single ship. Page 25 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS SCENARIOS INDEX Advanced Features and Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Battleship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 18 Change graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Commands + - Increase map scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - - Decrease map scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 * - Fire Torpedoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 0 - Continue play with next ship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2 on keypad - Fires Aft Turrets (DOWN Arrow) . . . . . . . . . 8 4 on keypad - Fires Port Turrets (LEFT Arrow) . . . . . . . . 8 5 - List Short Status All Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6 on keypad - Fires STBD Turrets (RIGHT Arrow) . . . . . . . . 8 8 on keypad - Fires Forward Turrets (UP arrow) . . . . . . . . 7 A - Display Parameters for Particular Ship . . . . . . . . . . 11 B - Bearing and range to friendly ships . . . . . . . . . . . 6 DOWN Arrow - Fires Aft Turrets (2 on keypad) . . . . . . . . . 8 E - Engine Telegraph (Change Speed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 F - Fire assigned turrets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 G - Assign turrets to target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 H - Helm (Change Course) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 I - Prevent Maneuvers/Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 LEFT Arrow - Fires Port Turrets (4 on keypad) . . . . . . . . 8 M - Display color map (CGA only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 N - Change map scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Q - Quit/Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 RIGHT Arrow - Fires Stbd Turrets (6 on keypad) . . . . . . . . 8 S - Status Report (Own Ship) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 T - Bearing and range to sighted enemy ships . . . . . . . . . 6 U - Torpedo Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 UP Arrow - Fires Forward Turrets (8 on keypad) . . . . . . . . 7 W - Incoming Torpedo Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 X - Switch Sides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Commands, Scenario Editor Add Ship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Change # of Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Copy Ship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Edit Ship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Erase All Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Move Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Pick Sides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Quit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Read File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Select Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Page 26 SEA BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS SCENARIOS Ship List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Write File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Destroyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 15 Fire Turrets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 8 Heavy Cruiser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Information Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Ironbottom Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Light Cruiser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Parameters bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Red Sounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Scenario editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3, 13, 14 Scenario selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Spread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11 Spread angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10 Status display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 11, 12 To Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Turn sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Turns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 8 Yellow Sounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Page 27